Oast house

Oasthouse at Cherry Tree Farm, Frittenden

Postcard after fire at Castle Farm oast, Hadlow

Oast House, Great Dixter, Sussex, UK

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Oast house or oast is a building designed for kilning (drying) hops as part of the brewing process. They are most commonly found in the Kent and East Sussex areas of England, where hop-growing has been prevalent since the 16th century. Oast houses are distinguished by their unique architecture, including one or more kilns with distinctive conical roofs topped with a white cowl that rotates with the wind to draw air through the building.

History

The origins of the oast house trace back to the 16th century in England, where the cultivation of hops for beer brewing necessitated the development of a specialized drying method. Initially, hops were dried in simple structures or even open fields. However, the need for a more efficient and controlled drying process led to the construction of the first oast houses. Over time, these buildings evolved from wooden structures to more durable brick and tile constructions.

Design and Function

An oast house typically consists of two main parts: the kiln, where the hops are dried, and the cooling floor, where they are allowed to cool and mature. The kiln is a circular or square tower with a perforated floor through which hot air, generated by a furnace below, is passed to dry the hops. The distinctive cowl on top of the kiln serves to expel the moist air and draw in fresh air, aiding in the drying process.

The cooling floor is usually located adjacent to or above the kiln. Here, the dried hops are spread out to cool before being packed for storage or shipment. This area is often well-ventilated to allow the hops to cool evenly and prevent any moisture from spoiling the batch.

Cultural Significance

Oast houses are an iconic symbol of the hop-growing regions of England, particularly Kent and East Sussex. They represent an important aspect of the local heritage and agricultural history. Many disused oast houses have been converted into homes or other uses, but their distinctive shape and features are preserved as a nod to their historical significance.

Preservation

With the decline in hop farming in some traditional areas and the advent of modern drying techniques, many oast houses have fallen into disuse. However, there is a growing appreciation for these structures as important cultural and historical landmarks. Efforts are being made to preserve and restore oast houses, with some being listed as Grade II listed buildings to protect their architectural and historical value.

In Modern Times

Today, while many oast houses serve as private residences or commercial properties, they continue to be celebrated as a symbol of the hop-growing tradition. Some are still used in hop production, albeit with modernized equipment, showcasing the enduring legacy of this unique agricultural practice.