Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaIO₄. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and periodate ions. Sodium periodate is used in a variety of chemical synthesis and analytical chemistry applications due to its powerful oxidizing properties.

Properties

Sodium periodate exists in two forms: the anhydrous form (NaIO₄) and the hydrated form (NaIO₄·xH₂O). The anhydrous form is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. It acts as a strong oxidizing agent, capable of oxidizing a wide range of organic compounds.

Synthesis

Sodium periodate can be synthesized by the oxidation of sodium iodate (NaIO₃) with chlorine in an alkaline medium. Another method involves the electrochemical oxidation of sodium iodate in an aqueous solution.

Applications

Sodium periodate is widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in the cleavage of vicinal diols to form aldehydes or ketones. This reaction is known as the Malaprade reaction. It is also employed in the periodate oxidation of saccharides, a critical step in the structural elucidation of carbohydrates.

In analytical chemistry, sodium periodate is used as an oxidizing agent in various analytical procedures. It is also utilized in the preparation of other periodate salts.

Safety

Sodium periodate should be handled with care, as it is a strong oxidizer and can cause fires if it comes into contact with combustible materials. It is also harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with skin.

See also

• Oxidizing agent
• Inorganic chemistry
• Sodium iodate
• Carbohydrates