TIRAP

TIRAP (TIR domain-containing adaptor protein), also known as Mal (MyD88-adapter-like), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TIRAP gene. TIRAP plays a crucial role in the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. It acts via MyD88, an adapter molecule in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and plays a role in inflammation and immune response.

Function

TIRAP is involved in bridging MyD88 to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It is integral to the innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria by acting as a sorting adaptor that mediates TLR4 localization to the endosome. This is necessary for the efficient TLR4-induced MAP kinase activation and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the TIRAP gene have been associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. A specific polymorphism in TIRAP, S180L, has been shown to protect against tuberculosis, pneumococcal disease, and malaria.

See also

• Toll-like receptor
• MyD88
• Innate immune system
• Tuberculosis
• Pneumococcal disease
• Malaria

External links

• NCBI Gene
• UniProt

TIRAP Resources
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