Toleware

Charles Henning, Toleware Coffee Pot, c. 1940, NGA 28852

Toleware refers to a type of decorative metalworking and painting technique that originated in the 18th century in Europe. It involves the painting of metal objects, primarily tin or iron, with elaborate designs, often floral or pastoral, and then varnishing them for protection. The term "toleware" is derived from the French word tôle, meaning "painted or lacquered metal." Toleware became especially popular in the United States during the 19th century, where it was used for a variety of items including trays, coffee pots, tea caddies, and spice boxes.

History

The craft of tole painting has its roots in the 18th century in Europe, where artisans began to apply painted designs to metal household items. This technique allowed for functional objects to also serve as decorative pieces. The practice gained popularity and spread to the United States, where it became particularly favored in the 19th century. American toleware is noted for its high quality and intricate designs, reflecting the country's burgeoning sense of identity and aesthetic preferences during this period.

Techniques

Toleware is characterized by its specific painting techniques, which include the use of stencils, freehand painting, and the application of gold leaf. The process typically begins with the preparation of the metal surface, which is cleaned and coated with a primer. Artists then apply the design using oil-based paints, which are chosen for their durability and vivid colors. Once the painting is complete, the item is varnished to protect the design from wear and tear.

Types of Toleware

Toleware is not limited to any single type of object. Common items include: - Trays and platters - Lanterns and candleholders - Boxes for tea, spices, and documents - Coffee pots and tea caddies - Decorative plates and chargers

Collecting Toleware

Toleware has become a popular collectible, with enthusiasts appreciating the craftsmanship and historical significance of these items. Collectors often seek out pieces based on age, condition, and the intricacy of the design. Early American toleware, in particular, is highly prized for its beauty and rarity.

Preservation

Preserving toleware involves protecting it from moisture and wear. It is recommended to display these items away from direct sunlight and to clean them gently with a dry cloth. Avoid using water or chemical cleaners, as they can damage the painted surface and the underlying metal.

Conclusion

Toleware offers a unique glimpse into the past, showcasing the skill of artisans who transformed everyday objects into works of art. Its enduring appeal lies in the combination of functionality and beauty, making toleware a cherished form of decorative art.