United States Geological Survey

Usgs-headquarters

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USGS Station

Mount Marcy New York USGS topo map 1892

Clarence King

United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States federal government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the U.S., its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The agency is a part of the U.S. Department of the Interior and is headquartered in Reston, Virginia, with major facilities in Denver, Colorado, and Menlo Park, California, among other locations.

History

The USGS was established on March 3, 1879, from the previously created United States Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian. The agency was tasked with the classification of the public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. This mission has evolved over the years to encompass a broader range of scientific inquiries.

Mission and Activities

The mission of the USGS is to provide reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect the quality of life. The USGS pursues its mission by conducting extensive scientific research and data collection in various fields, including:

• Geology: Studying the Earth's crust to understand landform evolution, natural resources, and potential geological hazards.
• Hydrology: Monitoring and researching the quantity, distribution, circulation, and properties of the Earth's waters.
• Biology: Researching the ecosystems and wildlife to inform conservation and management practices.
• Geography: Producing maps and spatial data to support research, policy-making, and resource management.

Organizational Structure

The USGS is organized into a number of divisions and programs that focus on different aspects of the agency's mission. These include the Water Resources Division, the Geologic Division, the National Geospatial Program, and the Biological Resources Division, among others.

Data and Tools

The USGS provides free access to a wealth of data and tools. These resources are used by researchers, policy makers, and the public for various applications, including natural disaster response, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Key resources include:

• National Map: A collaborative effort among the USGS and other federal, state, and local partners to improve and deliver topographic information for the U.S.
• Earthquake Hazards Program: Provides real-time and historical earthquake data, research, and hazard assessment.
• Water Data for the Nation: A comprehensive database of the nation's water resources, including streamflow, groundwater levels, and water quality data.

Impact

The work of the USGS has a profound impact on understanding the natural world, informing policy and decision-making, and protecting lives and property. Its research and data are critical in addressing challenges such as climate change, natural disasters, and the sustainable management of natural resources.

Challenges and Future Directions

The USGS faces ongoing challenges, including budget constraints, the need for technological advancement, and the imperative to provide timely and relevant scientific information. The agency continues to evolve, leveraging new technologies and methodologies to enhance its research capabilities and data dissemination.

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