Argentine hemorrhagic fever

Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), also known as Mal de Junin, is a viral disease endemic to the humid Pampas region of Argentina. It is caused by the Junin virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family.

Epidemiology

The primary vector for the transmission of the Junin virus is the corn mouse (Calomys musculinus), a rodent species native to the Pampas region. Humans can contract the virus through direct contact with infected rodents or their excreta, or through inhalation of aerosolized viral particles.

Clinical Features

The incubation period for AHF ranges from 10 to 14 days. Initial symptoms include fever, malaise, and muscle pain. As the disease progresses, patients may develop hemorrhagic symptoms such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and blood in the urine or stool. In severe cases, neurological symptoms such as encephalitis and seizures may occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AHF is based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through laboratory testing. Serological tests such as ELISA and PCR can be used to detect the presence of the Junin virus in the patient's blood.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific antiviral treatment for AHF. Management of the disease is primarily supportive, focusing on the relief of symptoms and the prevention of complications. A live attenuated vaccine, Candid #1, is available and has been effective in controlling the disease in endemic areas.

See Also

• Viral hemorrhagic fever
• Arenaviridae
• Zoonosis

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