Ötzi

File:OetzitheIceman-glacier-199109b.jpg

File:OetzitheIceman.jpg

Ötzi, also known as the Iceman, is the well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived around 3300 BCE. The mummy was discovered in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps on the border between Austria and Italy. Ötzi is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy and has offered an unprecedented view of Copper Age Europeans.

Discovery

Ötzi was discovered by German tourists Helmut and Erika Simon on 19 September 1991. The body was found at an elevation of 3,210 meters (10,530 ft) on the east ridge of the Fineilspitze in the Ötztal Alps on the border between Austria and Italy. Initially, it was believed that the body was that of a modern mountaineer, but subsequent investigations revealed that it was a prehistoric man.

Preservation and Examination

The mummy and associated artifacts are displayed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. Ötzi's body has been extensively examined, measured, X-rayed, and dated. The body is kept at a constant temperature of -6°C (21°F) and at 98% relative humidity to prevent further deterioration.

Physical Characteristics

Ötzi was approximately 1.65 meters (5 ft 5 in) tall, weighed about 50 kilograms (110 lb), and was about 45 years old at the time of his death. His body was covered with over 50 tattoos, consisting of simple dots and lines. Analysis of his stomach contents revealed that his last meals included ibex meat, red deer, and grains.

Health and Lifestyle

Studies of Ötzi's remains have provided significant insights into the health and lifestyle of Copper Age people. He had several health issues, including worn joints, hardened arteries, and a possible case of Lyme disease. His teeth showed considerable wear, but no cavities, suggesting a diet high in unprocessed grains and other coarse foods.

Clothing and Equipment

Ötzi was found with a variety of clothing and equipment, which have provided valuable information about the technology and materials used by Copper Age people. His clothing included a cloak made of woven grass, a coat, a belt, a pair of leggings, a loincloth, and shoes, all made from leather of different skins. He also carried a copper axe, a flint knife with a wooden handle, a quiver of arrows, and a bow.

Cause of Death

The cause of Ötzi's death has been the subject of much research and debate. Initial theories suggested he died from exposure, but later studies indicated that he may have been killed by an arrow wound to the shoulder. Further analysis revealed a deep cut to his hand, suggesting a possible struggle before his death.

Significance

Ötzi's discovery has provided a wealth of information about the Copper Age, including insights into the diet, health, and technology of the time. His well-preserved state has allowed scientists to conduct detailed studies that would not have been possible with other archaeological finds.

See also

• Mummy
• Copper Age
• Ötztal Alps
• South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology