Anguina tritici

Anguina tritici is a species of nematode that is known for its parasitic relationship with wheat plants. It is commonly referred to as the wheat gall nematode or the seed gall nematode.

Taxonomy

The wheat gall nematode belongs to the phylum Nematoda, which is a diverse animal phylum encompassing over 25,000 described species. It is classified under the genus Anguina, which is known for its plant-parasitic species.

Morphology

Anguina tritici is a microscopic, eel-like organism. Like other nematodes, it has a simple body structure with a pseudocoelom, a cuticle, and a complete digestive tract. The adult males are typically smaller than the females.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Anguina tritici involves several stages: egg, four juvenile stages, and adult. The nematode's eggs are laid inside the wheat plant, and the juveniles emerge from these eggs. The juveniles then feed on the plant tissue, causing the formation of galls or 'ear-cockles'.

Host Interaction

Anguina tritici is a parasite of wheat (Triticum spp.), hence its common name. It causes a disease known as 'ear-cockle' or 'wheat gall', which can result in significant yield loss. The nematode infests the wheat seeds, causing them to swell and form galls.

Distribution

The wheat gall nematode is found in wheat-growing regions worldwide. It is particularly prevalent in regions with temperate climates, such as parts of Europe, North America, and Asia.

Management

Management of Anguina tritici involves a combination of cultural practices, such as crop rotation and sanitation, and the use of resistant wheat varieties. Chemical control is rarely used due to its potential environmental impact.

See Also

• Nematode
• Triticum
• Plant Pathology