Capnodium ramosum

Capnodium ramosum is a species of fungus in the family Capnodiaceae. This fungus is known for its sooty mold characteristics, often found on the surface of leaves, stems, and fruit of various plants. It is a common plant pathogen, causing significant damage to a variety of crops and ornamental plants worldwide.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1875 by mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley. The genus name Capnodium is derived from the Greek words 'kapnos', meaning smoke, and 'oidium', meaning like, referring to the sooty appearance of the fungus. The species epithet ramosum refers to the branched nature of the fungal growth.

Description

Capnodium ramosum is characterized by its dark, sooty appearance, which gives it the common name of sooty mold. The fungus forms a black, powdery layer on the surface of plant tissues. The hyphae are septate and branched, forming a dense network. The conidia are produced in chains and are dark brown to black in color.

Distribution and habitat

Capnodium ramosum has a worldwide distribution, being found in both temperate and tropical regions. It is commonly found on a wide range of host plants, including fruit trees, ornamental plants, and crops. The fungus thrives in humid conditions and is often associated with the presence of insects, particularly those that produce honeydew, such as aphids and scale insects.

Pathogenicity

As a plant pathogen, Capnodium ramosum can cause significant damage to its host plants. The sooty mold layer it forms can inhibit photosynthesis, stunt growth, and reduce crop yields. In addition, the presence of the fungus can make fruit unmarketable due to its unsightly appearance.

Management

Management of Capnodium ramosum involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical control. Regular monitoring of plants for signs of the fungus and the insects that facilitate its spread is crucial. Pruning of infected plant parts and the use of insecticides to control insect populations can help reduce the incidence of the fungus. Fungicides may also be used, but their effectiveness can be limited due to the surface-dwelling nature of the fungus.

See also

• List of Capnodium species
• Plant pathology

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