Cattleya

Cattleya dowiana var. aurea 'Maestranza' (Linden) B.S.Williams & T.Moore, Orchid Album 2 t. 84 (1883) (48470977042)

Cattleya dowiana (17344397479)

A and B Larsen orchids - Cattleya gaskelliana 876-9

Cattleya iricolor Orchi 021

Cattleya jenmanii Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906 85 (1906) (49221659452) (cropped)

Cattleya is a genus of orchids named after William Cattley, an English horticulturist who was the first to successfully bloom a specimen of this genus in the early 19th century. Cattleyas are native to the tropical Americas, with a range extending from Argentina and Paraguay through to Mexico. They are particularly abundant in the Andes mountains. Known for their large, showy flowers, Cattleyas have become popular both as outdoor landscape plants in tropical regions and as indoor plants in temperate areas. They are also widely used in hybridization, resulting in numerous cultivars and hybrids.

Description

Cattleya species typically have large, sturdy pseudobulbs, each topped with one or two leathery leaves. The flowers of Cattleya orchids can vary greatly in color, including shades of white, pink, orange, and purple, often with contrasting markings or a different colored lip. The flowers are known for their durability and can last from two to six weeks. Cattleyas can bloom at various times of the year, depending on the species.

Cultivation

Cattleyas require specific growing conditions to thrive, including high humidity, ample airflow, and bright, indirect light. They are typically grown in pots with loose, well-draining media, such as bark or moss. Watering should be adjusted based on the season, with more frequent watering during the active growing season and reduced watering during the dormant period. Fertilization is also important, with many growers recommending a "weakly, weekly" approach during the growing season.

Taxonomy and Classification

The taxonomy of the Cattleya genus has undergone significant changes over the years, with many species being reclassified into separate genera. However, the core group of Cattleya species remains recognized for their characteristic large, showy flowers. The genus is divided into several sections based on floral and vegetative characteristics.

Conservation

Many Cattleya species are considered to be at risk due to habitat destruction and overcollection. Conservation efforts are in place in several countries to protect these orchids, including habitat preservation and the regulation of trade. CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) includes many Cattleya species on its appendices to control their international trade.

In Culture

Cattleya orchids hold a place of esteem in many cultures, often associated with luxury and beauty. They have been widely celebrated in art, literature, and even on postage stamps. The Cattleya has been particularly embraced as a symbol of love and beauty in Japan, where it is commonly referred to as the "King of Orchids."