Chemotherapy drug

Chemotherapy Drug

A chemotherapy drug is a type of medication used in the treatment of cancer. These drugs work by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic common to cancer cells. However, they can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to side effects.

History

The use of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment began in the 20th century. The first chemotherapy drug, mustard gas, was discovered during World War II when it was observed that soldiers exposed to the gas had lower white blood cell counts. This led to the development of nitrogen mustard, a less toxic version of the gas, which was used to treat lymphoma.

Types of Chemotherapy Drugs

There are several types of chemotherapy drugs, each with a different mechanism of action. These include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic inhibitors. Some chemotherapy drugs are cell-cycle specific, meaning they target cells at a specific stage of division, while others are cell-cycle non-specific.

Administration

Chemotherapy drugs can be administered in several ways, including orally, intravenously, or through a central line or port. The method of administration depends on the type of drug and the type of cancer being treated.

Side Effects

The side effects of chemotherapy drugs can vary widely depending on the specific drug and the individual patient. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. More serious side effects can include anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

Future Developments

Research into new chemotherapy drugs and methods of administration is ongoing. This includes the development of targeted therapies, which aim to more specifically target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.