Cymarin

Cymarin

Cymarin is a cardiac glycoside, a type of compound that has a specific effect on the heart. It is derived from the plant Apocynum cannabinum, commonly known as dogbane or Indian hemp. Cymarin is one of several cardiac glycosides found in this plant, along with apocynin and cannabinum.

History

Cymarin was first isolated in the early 20th century. It was used as a heart medication for a time, but has largely been replaced by other cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, that have a more predictable effect and fewer side effects.

Pharmacology

Like other cardiac glycosides, cymarin works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart cells. This leads to an increase in the amount of intracellular sodium, which in turn leads to an increase in intracellular calcium. The increased calcium levels make the heart contract more forcefully.

Medical Use

Cymarin was used to treat a variety of heart conditions, including congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, it is no longer commonly used due to its unpredictable effects and potential for toxicity.

Toxicity

Cymarin can be toxic if ingested in large amounts. Symptoms of cymarin poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it can cause irregular heart rhythms, seizures, and even death.

See Also

• Cardiac glycoside
• Apocynum cannabinum
• Digoxin