Dot matrix

Dot matrix example text

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Dot matrix

Dot matrix refers to a matrix layout of dots used to display or print characters, symbols, and images. This technology is primarily associated with dot matrix printers, which use a print head that moves back-and-forth or in an up-and-down motion on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter. Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod, also known as a "pin," which is driven forward by the power of a tiny electromagnet or solenoid, either directly or through small levers (pivots).

History

The dot matrix method was a popular print technology in the late 20th century, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. It was widely used for both home and office printing needs due to its ability to produce both text and basic graphics on the same machine. Despite being largely supplanted by inkjet printers and laser printers in the consumer market due to their superior print quality and quieter operation, dot matrix printers are still in use today in some niche applications. These applications include situations where continuous paper feed is required or where the printer must withstand extreme conditions not suitable for other types of printers.

Technology

A dot matrix printer works by having the print head move horizontally across the page. The print head can be equipped with one or more columns of pins. In a typical 9-pin printer, there are nine pins in a vertical column, allowing for a character box of 9x9 dots. More sophisticated printers, such as 24-pin printers, allow for a higher resolution, enabling the printing of higher quality graphics and smoother, more detailed text.

The printer uses a ribbon that is pressed against the paper by the pins. The pins strike the ribbon individually as the print head moves across the paper, creating the desired characters or images with the dots. The ability to adjust the intensity of the impact and the spacing of the dots allows for various shades and textures in the printed output, making dot matrix printers versatile for their time.

Applications

Dot matrix printers have been used in a wide range of applications, from office documents and invoices to banners and graphics. They are particularly valued in environments that require carbon copies or multipart forms, such as in automotive service shops, logistics companies, and other businesses where durable, long-lasting printed records are essential. Additionally, because of their impact printing mechanism, they can be used to print through layers of paper, making them ideal for creating carbon copies.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The primary advantages of dot matrix printers include their durability, reliability in harsh environments, and the ability to use continuous paper rather than individual sheets. This makes them suitable for data logging and other applications where paper size flexibility is a benefit.

However, the disadvantages include noise, relatively low print quality compared to modern printing technologies, and the need for frequent maintenance and replacement of the ink ribbon. Despite these drawbacks, the specific needs of certain industries have ensured the continued use of dot matrix technology in specific contexts.

Current Status

With the advent of more advanced printing technologies, the use of dot matrix printers has declined significantly. However, they remain in use in specific sectors where their unique advantages are required. Advances in technology have also seen the development of new models that are quieter and more efficient, albeit with a much smaller market presence compared to their peak usage years.