GPR77

GPR77 or G protein-coupled receptor 77 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR77 gene. This receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which is a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. GPCRs are highly diverse in their functions and are involved in many physiological processes, such as vision, smell, taste, and the regulation of the immune system.

Function

GPR77 is implicated in various cellular processes, including cell signaling and the regulation of immune response. It is known to act as a receptor for complement component 5a (C5a), a protein involved in the immune system by mediating inflammation and protecting the body against infections. The binding of C5a to GPR77 triggers a series of intracellular signals that play a crucial role in the immune response, including cell chemotaxis, inflammation, and tissue damage repair.

Clinical Significance

The role of GPR77 in the immune system makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in various diseases characterized by excessive or inappropriate inflammation, such as autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and allergic reactions. Inhibitors or modulators of GPR77 could potentially be used to treat these conditions by dampening the inflammatory response.

Additionally, research has suggested that GPR77 may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain types of cancer, making it a potential target for cancer therapy. The receptor's expression has been found to be upregulated in some cancer types, and its signaling pathways are thought to contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to apoptosis.

Gene

The GPR77 gene is located on chromosome 19 in humans. It encodes the GPR77 protein, which is composed of 7 transmembrane domains characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors. This structural feature is critical for the receptor's ability to transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses.

See Also

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Complement system
• Immune system
• Inflammation

References

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