George IV

Allan Ramsay - Queen Charlotte (1744-1818), with her Two Eldest Sons - Google Art Project

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Prince of Wales (later George IV), ca. 1798

George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. Prior to his accession, he served as Prince Regent during the illness of his father, George III. George IV's reign is often remembered for the flourishing of the Regency era architecture and the arts, as well as for the scandals of his personal life. Despite his contributions to the arts, his reign is also marked by criticism for his extravagant lifestyle and poor relationships with his father and wife.

Early Life

George IV was born at St James's Palace, London, the first child of the then Prince of Wales, later George III, and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He was a precocious child with a keen interest in the arts, but his education was erratic, focusing more on the arts and languages rather than on the sciences or mathematics. His relationship with his strict and emotionally distant father was strained from early on.

Prince Regent

In 1811, George III's mental health deteriorated, and George IV was appointed as Prince Regent, effectively ruling in his father's stead. His regency was marked by a great expansion in the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, with the Regency architecture style becoming prominent. However, his lavish spending and indulgent lifestyle led to significant public criticism.

Reign

George IV ascended the throne in 1820 following the death of his father. His coronation was a grand affair, showcasing his love for pomp and ceremony. During his reign, one of the most notable events was the passage of the Great Reform Act of 1832, which reformed the British electoral system, even though George was not in favor of democratic reforms. His reign also saw the Catholic Emancipation, which removed many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics in the UK.

Personal Life

George IV's personal life was tumultuous. His marriage to Caroline of Brunswick was unhappy, and they separated shortly after the birth of their only child, Princess Charlotte of Wales. George's relationship with other women, including his long-term mistress Maria Fitzherbert, whom he illegally married in a secret ceremony, was also a source of controversy.

Legacy

George IV's legacy is mixed. While he is credited with fostering the arts and architecture, his reign is also criticized for extravagance and perceived ineffectiveness as a monarch. The Regency era is often romanticized in literature and film, but George himself remains a controversial figure.

Death

George IV died in 1830 at Windsor Castle after a period of declining health. He was succeeded by his younger brother, William IV.