HLA-DR1

HLA-DR1 is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-DR serogroup. The DR1 serotype is determined by the HLA-DRB1 gene. HLA-DR1 is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Structure and Function

HLA-DR1 is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, which presents antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response. The HLA-DR1 molecule is a heterodimer, consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain. The DRB chain is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene.

Disease Associations

HLA-DR1 has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. These include:

• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Studies have shown a strong association between HLA-DR1 and rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in individuals who are seropositive for rheumatoid factor.

• Multiple Sclerosis: HLA-DR1 has also been linked to multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system.

Genetic Variations

The HLA-DRB1 gene has many different alleles, leading to a high level of polymorphism. This genetic diversity is thought to contribute to the ability of the immune system to respond to a wide range of antigens.

See Also

• HLA-DR
• Human leukocyte antigen
• Major histocompatibility complex
• Autoimmune disease

References

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