Human tower (gymnastic formation)

Four layers' human tower which almost stands-up. A scene during the development of the gymnastic formation squadron of

Four layers' human tower and 4 units of three layers' ones. The performance of

Human tower is a gymnastic formation and a traditional performance, particularly associated with the Catalan culture, where it is known as castells. These structures are built by members of a team, called castellers, who work together to create towers that can be several human layers high. The practice of building human towers is not only a display of physical strength, agility, and balance but also symbolizes the spirit of community and cooperation.

History

The tradition of building human towers dates back to the 18th century in the Catalan region of Spain. It originated from the Valencian dance, a folk dance that included a final act of forming a human tower. Over time, this aspect evolved into a separate and highly competitive activity. The first recorded performance of a castell was in the city of Valls, near Tarragona, in 1801. Since then, the tradition has spread throughout Catalonia and has even gained popularity in other parts of the world.

Structure and Roles

A human tower is composed of several parts:

• Base or pinya: The foundation of the tower, which supports the weight of the upper layers. It is usually made up of the strongest and heaviest members of the team.
• Trunk or tronc: The middle sections of the tower, each consisting of one to five people standing on the shoulders of the layer below.
• Pom de Dalt: The top three levels of the tower, including the enxaneta who climbs to the very top and raises one hand with four fingers extended, symbolizing the stripes of the Catalan flag.
• Enxaneta: The lightest and usually youngest member of the team, who climbs to the top of the tower.

Each member of the castell has a specific role, with the enxaneta and the base being crucial for the tower's stability and success.

Cultural Significance

Human towers are a significant part of Catalan culture and identity. They represent the values of strength, balance, courage, and, most importantly, seny (common sense or wisdom). The practice has been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting its importance as a cultural tradition.

Competitions and Festivals

Competitions and festivals involving human towers are common in Catalonia, with teams (colles castelleres) from different towns and cities participating. The most famous event is the Concurs de Castells, which takes place every two years in Tarragona. Teams are judged on the complexity and height of their towers, as well as their execution.

Safety Measures

Building human towers is inherently risky, and safety measures are crucial. The pinya not only supports the weight of the tower but also acts as a safety net for the climbers. In recent years, the use of helmets, especially for the children climbing to the top, has become mandatory.

In Popular Culture

Human towers have been featured in various forms of media, including films, documentaries, and advertisements, showcasing their beauty and the teamwork involved in their creation.