Hygrophorus russula

2011-10-09 Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Kauffman 175022

Hygrophorus russula, commonly known as the Russula Waxcap, is a species of fungus belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae. This mushroom is notable for its distinctive appearance and its occurrence in certain types of woodland habitats. It forms a symbiotic relationship with living trees by forming ectomycorrhizas, which are beneficial for both the fungus and its host tree.

Description

The cap of Hygrophorus russula can reach a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, starting with a convex shape before flattening out with age, often developing a slight depression in the center. The cap surface is smooth and can appear slimy or greasy, especially when wet. Its color ranges from deep red to pink or even violet tones, often fading with age or in dry conditions.

The gills are thick, widely spaced, and run down the stem (decurrent). They are initially white but may become pinkish as the mushroom ages, due to the spores. The stem is white, stout, and can be up to 10 cm tall and 2 cm thick, sometimes showing a reddish flush at the base.

The flesh of the mushroom is white and does not change color when cut. It has a mild taste and a pleasant smell, which has been described as fruity by some mycologists.

Habitat and Distribution

Hygrophorus russula is found in both deciduous and coniferous forests, particularly favoring areas with a high presence of oak and beech trees. It forms ectomycorrhizal associations with these trees, aiding in nutrient exchange between the soil and the tree roots. This species is more commonly found in Europe but also occurs in North America and parts of Asia. It fruits from late summer to late autumn.

Edibility

While Hygrophorus russula is considered edible, it is not regarded as one of the more desirable species due to its slimy cap and relatively bland taste. However, it can be consumed after thorough cooking, which helps to reduce its sliminess. As with all wild mushrooms, it should only be eaten if positively identified by an experienced mycologist.

Conservation

The conservation status of Hygrophorus russula varies by region, but it is not currently listed as endangered or threatened. However, like many fungi, it could be susceptible to changes in its woodland habitat, such as deforestation, pollution, and the effects of climate change. Conservation efforts to preserve its natural habitat are essential for the continued survival of this species.