IVF
IVF or In Vitro Fertilization is a type of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) that involves the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus.
History[edit | edit source]
The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", Louise Brown, occurred in 1978. Robert G. Edwards, the physiologist who developed the treatment, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The procedure of IVF involves several steps:
- Ovulation Induction: Fertility drugs are prescribed to stimulate egg production.
- Egg Retrieval: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity.
- Insemination and Fertilization: The male's sperm is placed with the best quality eggs. The mixing of the sperm and egg is called insemination.
- Embryo Culture: The fertilized egg divides and becomes an embryo.
- Embryo Transfer: The embryos are then placed in the woman's uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization.
Risks[edit | edit source]
IVF has several risks including multiple births, premature delivery, and low birth weight, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, birth defects, ovarian cancer, and stress.
Success Rates[edit | edit source]
The success rate of IVF depends on a number of factors including reproductive history, maternal age, the cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD