Immunoresponse

Immunoresponse or immune response is the reaction of the immune system to the presence of foreign substances in the body. These foreign substances, known as antigens, can be bacteria, viruses, or other harmful substances. The immune response is a key component of the body's defense mechanism and plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health.

Overview

The immune response is a complex process that involves various cells and molecules of the immune system. It is typically divided into two main types: the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response.

Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against foreign substances. It is a non-specific response that is triggered immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. The innate immune response includes physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages.

Adaptive Immune Response

The adaptive immune response, also known as the acquired immune response, is a specific response to a particular antigen. This response is slower than the innate immune response, but it has the ability to "remember" antigens, leading to a faster and stronger response upon subsequent exposures. The adaptive immune response involves lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells.

Immune Response Process

The immune response process begins when an antigen enters the body. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells capture the antigen and present it to T cells. This triggers the activation of B cells, which produce antibodies that can neutralize the antigen.

T cells can also directly kill infected cells. This process is known as cell-mediated immunity. On the other hand, the production of antibodies by B cells is known as humoral immunity.

Role in Health and Disease

The immune response plays a crucial role in protecting the body from infections. However, an overactive or misdirected immune response can lead to various health problems, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and chronic inflammation.

Immunodeficiency disorders, on the other hand, result from a weakened or absent immune response. This leaves the body vulnerable to infections that it would normally be able to fight off.

See Also

• Immunology
• Inflammation
• Vaccination

‎