Ketosis-prone diabetes

Ketosis-prone diabetes
Synonyms	KPD, Flatbush diabetes
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
Complications	Diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes
Causes	Genetic predisposition, autoimmune response, insulin resistance
Risks	Obesity, African American, Hispanic, male gender
Diagnosis	Blood glucose test, HbA1c, C-peptide, autoantibody testing
Differential diagnosis	Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Maturity onset diabetes of the young
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Insulin therapy, oral hypoglycemics, dietary management
Medication	Insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas
Prognosis	Variable, depends on glycemic control
Frequency	More common in African American and Hispanic populations
Deaths	N/A

Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by the presence of ketosis and ketoacidosis in the absence of a history of Type 1 diabetes. This condition is also known as Flatbush diabetes or Type 1.5 diabetes.

Etiology[edit]

The exact cause of KPD is not well understood. However, it is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest that individuals with KPD have a unique genetic predisposition that makes them susceptible to ketosis and ketoacidosis.

Clinical Presentation[edit]

Patients with KPD typically present with symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes such as polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. In addition, they may also present with symptoms of ketoacidosis such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis of KPD is made based on the presence of ketosis and ketoacidosis in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes who does not have a history of Type 1 diabetes. Laboratory tests may show elevated blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones in the urine or blood.

Treatment[edit]

The initial treatment of KPD involves the correction of dehydration and ketoacidosis with intravenous fluids and insulin. Once the patient is stabilized, the long-term management of KPD involves the use of oral antidiabetic medications and lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise.

Prognosis[edit]

The prognosis of KPD is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, patients with KPD are at an increased risk of developing complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and should therefore be closely monitored.