Krampus

Mikuláš a Krampus 1900s

Krampus Morzger Pass Salzburg 2008 04

Gruss vom Krampus

Nikolaus und Krampus

Dallas Krampus Walk 2016

Krampus is a figure in Central European folklore, particularly prevalent in the Alps region. Krampus is often depicted as a horned, anthropomorphic figure who, during the Christmas season, punishes children who have misbehaved, in contrast to Saint Nicholas, who rewards the well-behaved with gifts. The name "Krampus" is derived from the German word krampen, meaning "claw".

Origins and History

The origins of Krampus can be traced back to pre-Christian Alpine traditions and Germanic paganism. Krampus is thought to be a part of a centuries-old winter festival called Krampusnacht, which takes place on the night of December 5. This is the eve of the Feast of Saint Nicholas, celebrated on December 6 in many European countries. The character of Krampus is believed to have been incorporated into Christian winter celebrations by incorporating him as a counterpart to Saint Nicholas.

Appearance

Krampus is traditionally depicted as a demonic creature with roots in pagan imagery. His appearance can vary, but he is often shown with black or brown fur, cloven hooves, goat's horns, a long, pointed tongue, and fangs. Krampus carries chains, thought to symbolize the binding of the Devil by the Christian Church, which he thrashes for dramatic effect. He also carries a bundle of birch branches (a Ruten) to swat naughty children and a sack or a basket strapped to his back to cart off evil children to the underworld or for drowning, eating, or transport to Hell.

Cultural Significance

The figure of Krampus serves as a balance to the benevolent Saint Nicholas, embodying a dualism found in many cultures between good and evil. The celebration of Krampusnacht, which includes parades and gatherings of people dressed as Krampus, is a social event that serves to strengthen community bonds and also to offer a cathartic outlet for the darker aspects of human nature.

In recent years, Krampus has gained popularity beyond the Alpine regions, with Krampus-themed events occurring in North America and other parts of Europe. This resurgence in interest can be attributed to a growing fascination with folklore and traditions, as well as a counterpoint to the commercialization of the Christmas season.

Controversy

The figure of Krampus has been the subject of controversy. In the 20th century, the Austrian government discouraged the practice of celebrating Krampus, seeing it as a remnant of pre-Christian paganism. In modern times, concerns have been raised about the figure's potential to frighten children and the violent imagery associated with some Krampus celebrations.

In Popular Culture

Krampus has appeared in various forms of media, including films, television shows, and literature, often depicted with a mix of horror and humor. These portrayals have contributed to the character's growing popularity and recognition outside of its traditional European context.

See Also

• Saint Nicholas
• Christmas folklore
• Alpine folklore