Lipoprotein a

Lipoprotein(a) (also known as Lp(a)) is a type of lipoprotein subclass. It is a large molecule made up of proteins and lipids, which helps transport fats and cholesterol through the bloodstream. The structure of Lp(a) is similar to that of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as "bad cholesterol", with an additional protein component known as apolipoprotein(a).

Structure

Lipoprotein(a) consists of an LDL-like particle and apolipoprotein(a), bound together by a single disulfide bond. The LDL-like particle contains one molecule of apolipoprotein B-100, while apolipoprotein(a) can be of varying sizes due to a difference in the number of kringle IV type 2 repeats.

Function

The exact function of Lp(a) in the body is not fully understood. However, it is known to play a role in wound healing, tissue repair, and possibly in the protection against infectious diseases. It is also involved in the process of atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits in the artery walls, which can lead to heart disease and stroke.

Clinical significance

High levels of Lp(a) in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. The level of Lp(a) in the blood is largely determined by genetics and is not significantly affected by diet, exercise, or other lifestyle factors.

Measurement and treatment

Lp(a) levels can be measured with a blood test. However, there is currently no specific treatment to lower Lp(a) levels. The focus of treatment is usually on reducing other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high LDL cholesterol levels.

See also

• Lipoprotein
• Apolipoprotein B
• Apolipoprotein(a)
• Atherosclerosis
• Cardiovascular disease