Manganism

Manganism or manganese poisoning is a neurological disorder associated with excessive exposure to the chemical element manganese. It was first described by British academic James Couper in 1837.

History[edit | edit source]

James Couper first described Manganism in 1837 after observing workers in Scottish manganese ore grinding mills. He noted symptoms such as lethargy, weakness, and paralysis in these workers.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Manganism is caused by chronic exposure to manganese, which is often found in industrial settings. Occupations such as welding, mining, and working in factories that produce dry cell batteries, ceramics, and glass are particularly at risk.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of Manganism are often divided into early and late stages. Early symptoms include psychiatric and neurological symptoms such as mood changes, irritability, aggression, hallucinations, and short-term memory loss. Late-stage symptoms include Parkinsonian symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of Manganism involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood and urine tests can detect high levels of manganese, while MRI can show specific patterns of brain damage associated with the disorder.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for Manganism primarily involves removing the source of manganese exposure and providing supportive care. Medications may be used to manage symptoms, but there is currently no cure for the disorder.