Medication overuse headache

Medication overuse headache
Synonyms	Rebound headache
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, nausea, irritability, restlessness
Complications	N/A
Onset	After frequent use of headache medications
Duration	Can persist until medication use is reduced
Types	N/A
Causes	Overuse of analgesics, triptans, ergotamines, or other headache medications
Risks	Frequent use of headache medications
Diagnosis	Based on clinical history and symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Chronic migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache
Prevention	Limiting use of headache medications
Treatment	Discontinuation or reduction of overused medications, preventive therapy for underlying headache disorder
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with appropriate management
Frequency	Affects 1-2% of the population
Deaths	N/A

Medication Overuse Headache (MOH), also known as drug-induced headache, medication-misuse headache, or rebound headache, is a chronic headache disorder. It is caused by the overuse of medication designed to treat headache symptoms.

Causes

MOH is caused by the frequent or excessive use of headache medication. This can include over-the-counter drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen, as well as prescription drugs such as triptans and opioids. The exact mechanism by which overuse of these medications leads to MOH is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve changes in the brain and nervous system.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of MOH is a headache that occurs daily or almost daily. The headache is often described as a constant, dull ache that is worse in the morning. Other symptoms can include nausea, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, irritability, and depression.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MOH is based on the patient's history of medication use and the presence of chronic headaches. There are no specific tests to confirm the diagnosis, but other causes of headache may be ruled out through neurological examination, blood tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment

The main treatment for MOH is to stop or reduce the use of headache medication. This often leads to a temporary worsening of the headache, known as a "withdrawal headache," but most patients see a significant improvement in their symptoms within two months. Other treatments can include preventive medications, behavioral therapy, and education about proper medication use.

Prevention

Prevention of MOH involves avoiding the overuse of headache medication. This can be achieved by using non-drug methods to manage headaches, such as relaxation techniques and physical therapy, and by taking medication only as directed by a healthcare provider.

See also

• Headache
• Migraine
• Tension headache
• Cluster headache