Merkel's disk

Merkel's Disk

Merkel's Disk or Merkel cell-neurite complex is a type of mechanoreceptor, a sensory receptor, which is found in the skin and hair follicles of mammals. Named after the German anatomist Friedrich Sigmund Merkel, these receptors are responsible for the sense of light touch discrimination, also known as form and texture perception.

Structure

Merkel's disks are found in the stratum basale (basal layer) of the epidermis and in hair follicles. They are complex structures composed of a Merkel cell in close association with an enlarged nerve terminal. The Merkel cell is thought to be of neuroectodermal origin and contains dense-core granules similar to those found in synaptic terminals.

Function

Merkel's disks are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve endings, which respond to steady pressure and texture. When a mechanical force is applied to the skin, Merkel's disks are deformed and the mechanical stimulus is converted into an electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted to the brain, where it is interpreted as touch.

Clinical Significance

Merkel's disks play a crucial role in tactile acuity. Damage or loss of these receptors can lead to a decrease in the ability to perceive fine details by touch. In addition, Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer, is thought to originate from Merkel cells.

See Also

• Mechanoreceptor
• Tactile sensation
• Merkel cell carcinoma

References

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