Microelectronics

Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics that focuses on the study and manufacture of very small electronic designs and components. These are typically made from semiconductor materials. Many components of normal electronic design are available in a microelectronic equivalent. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and insulators.

History

The field of microelectronics evolved with the development of the Transistor in the mid-20th century. The invention of the transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, allowing for the miniaturization of electronic devices. This led to the development of integrated circuits, which further advanced the field of microelectronics.

Microelectronic Components

Microelectronic components are typically made from semiconductor materials due to their ability to conduct electricity under certain conditions, making them ideal for the precise control of electrical current. The most commonly used semiconductor materials are silicon and germanium.

Transistors

Transistors are a key component in microelectronics. They are semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Capacitors

In microelectronics, capacitors are used to store electrical energy. They are made up of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material, or dielectric.

Inductors

Inductors, also known as coils, are passive two-terminal electrical components that store energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.

Resistors

Resistors are used in microelectronics to regulate the flow of electric current. They are made of materials that resist the flow of electricity.

Diodes

Diodes are two-terminal electronic components that conduct current primarily in one direction.

Applications

Microelectronics has a wide range of applications. It is used in the manufacture of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other integrated circuits. These components are used in a variety of devices, including computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances.

See Also

• Nanoelectronics
• Semiconductor device fabrication
• Very-large-scale integration