Middle superior alveolar artery

Middle Superior Alveolar Artery (MSAA) is a significant artery within the maxillary region, primarily involved in the vascular supply to the maxillary sinuses, premolar teeth, and the associated periodontal tissues. Originating from the Maxillary Artery, a major branch of the External Carotid Artery, the MSAA plays a crucial role in dental and maxillofacial health.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The Middle Superior Alveolar Artery branches off from the infraorbital segment of the Maxillary Artery, coursing inferiorly towards the maxillary sinus. It may arise as a single vessel or as multiple smaller branches, varying significantly among individuals. The artery typically runs along the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, giving off branches that penetrate the sinus wall to supply the bicuspid and anterior molar teeth and their periodontal ligaments.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the Middle Superior Alveolar Artery is to provide oxygenated blood to the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the first molar, as well as to the maxillary sinus and the periodontal ligaments of these teeth. This vascular supply is essential for the nourishment and health of the dental tissues and the integrity of the maxillary sinus.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Knowledge of the MSAA's anatomy is crucial during surgical procedures in the maxillary region, such as dental implant placement, sinus lift procedures, and periodontal surgeries, to avoid inadvertent injury to the artery. Damage to the MSAA can result in significant bleeding, compromise blood supply to the dental tissues, and potentially lead to ischemia of the affected teeth.