Motuporin

Motuporin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, which is responsible for the shellfish poisoning known as ciguatera. This toxin is one of the most common causes of fish poisoning worldwide.

Structure and Mechanism

Motuporin is a lipophilic compound, meaning it is soluble in fats and oils. Its structure is similar to that of ciguatoxin, another toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus. Both toxins are polycyclic ethers, a class of compounds known for their complexity and difficulty to synthesize.

The mechanism of action of motuporin is not fully understood, but it is believed to act by binding to voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, causing them to remain open and leading to a continuous influx of sodium ions. This results in a persistent depolarization of the nerve cell, which can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and in severe cases, paralysis.

Symptoms and Treatment

The symptoms of motuporin poisoning can vary widely, but often include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as neurological symptoms like numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness. In severe cases, motuporin poisoning can lead to paralysis and even death.

Treatment for motuporin poisoning is primarily supportive, as there is currently no specific antidote. This can include rehydration, pain management, and in severe cases, hospitalization.

Prevention

Prevention of motuporin poisoning primarily involves avoiding consumption of fish from areas known to be affected by Gambierdiscus toxicus. Cooking or freezing the fish does not destroy the toxin, so the only sure way to avoid poisoning is to avoid eating the fish altogether.

See Also

• Ciguatera
• Neurotoxin
• Gambierdiscus toxicus

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