Mummering

St. John's Mummers Parade

Mummering is a traditional Christmas-time practice originating from parts of Ireland and Newfoundland and Labrador, where groups of people, called mummers or janneys, disguise their identities and visit homes within their community or neighboring areas during the twelve days of Christmas. The practice, which includes wearing masks or elaborate costumes, singing, dancing, and playing music, is rooted in ancient folklore and winter solstice celebrations. Mummering aims to bring communities together in celebration, often involving humorous exchanges and the offering of food and drink to the mummers.

History

The origins of mummering are believed to date back to ancient times, with connections to pre-Christian fertility rites and rituals celebrating the changing of the seasons. The tradition was brought to Newfoundland by Irish and English settlers in the 18th and 19th centuries. In its early days, mummering in Newfoundland could involve elaborate disguises, including dressing as the opposite gender, and was accompanied by a variety of traditional activities such as the Hobby horse and the Wren Day.

Traditions

During the mummering festivities, participants, fully disguised and often speaking in altered voices to conceal their identities, travel from house to house in their community. Upon arrival, they perform dances, play music, and partake in light-hearted jest with the occupants, who try to guess the mummers' true identities. Acceptance and hospitality towards the mummers are traditional, with hosts offering them food, drink, and sometimes a small token of money. The practice emphasizes community spirit, camaraderie, and the spreading of good cheer during the Christmas season.

Decline and Revival

By the mid-20th century, mummering had seen a decline, attributed to various factors including urbanization, changing social norms, and instances of the tradition being used as a cover for mischief and unruly behavior. This led to the practice being banned in some areas. However, in recent decades, there has been a revival of interest in mummering, particularly in Newfoundland and Labrador, where it is celebrated as an important aspect of local heritage and culture. Festivals, parades, and educational programs have helped to promote the tradition, emphasizing family-friendly activities and community involvement.

Contemporary Mummering

Today, mummering continues to be a vibrant tradition in Newfoundland and Labrador, with communities across the province participating in annual events. The Mummers Festival in St. John's is one such event, featuring workshops, a parade, and other activities aimed at preserving the tradition and teaching it to new generations. Contemporary mummering maintains the core elements of disguise, visitation, and entertainment, while also adapting to modern sensibilities and incorporating new customs.

Cultural Significance

Mummering holds significant cultural value, representing a link to the past and a living example of folk traditions that have adapted over time. It embodies themes of community bonding, hospitality, and the joy of shared celebration. As a unique aspect of Newfoundland and Labrador's cultural heritage, mummering also attracts interest from cultural historians, folklorists, and tourists, further highlighting its importance to the region's identity.