N-Acetylaspartate

N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) is a derivative of aspartic acid, an amino acid found in the brain and other parts of the body. It is the second most concentrated molecule in the brain after glutamate, and its primary function is to contribute to the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Structure and Function

NAA is a small molecule that is synthesized in the neurons from aspartate and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme aspartate N-acetyltransferase. It is then stored in the neurons and released into the extracellular fluid during neuronal activity. The concentration of NAA in the brain is a reflection of neuronal integrity and viability.

File:N-Acetylaspartate.svg

Chemical structure of N-Acetylaspartate

NAA plays several important roles in the brain. It is involved in the production of myelin, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers and allows for efficient transmission of nerve impulses. It also acts as a source of acetate for lipid and myelin synthesis in the oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for myelination in the brain.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in NAA levels can be indicative of various neurological conditions. Decreased levels of NAA have been observed in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia, suggesting a loss of neuronal integrity in these conditions. On the other hand, increased levels of NAA may indicate neuronal proliferation or increased neuronal activity.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to measure the levels of NAA in the brain. This can provide valuable information about the health and function of neurons in various neurological conditions.

See Also

• Aspartic acid
• Neurotransmitter
• Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

References

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