Naja naja

Naja naja is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae, commonly known as the Indian cobra or spectacled cobra. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and is one of the most dangerous snakes in the region due to its potent venom and proximity to human habitation.

Description

The Naja naja is a medium-sized snake, typically reaching lengths of 1.8 to 2.2 meters. It is easily recognizable by the distinctive hood and the "spectacle" pattern on the back of its hood, which gives it its common name. The color of the snake can vary widely, from light brown to almost black.

Distribution and habitat

The Naja naja is found throughout the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It inhabits a wide range of habitats, from jungles and forests to agricultural fields and populated areas.

Behavior and diet

The Naja naja is primarily nocturnal, but can be active during the day in cooler weather. It is an opportunistic feeder, preying on a variety of animals including rodents, birds, and other snakes. It is also known to eat eggs and amphibians.

Venom

The venom of the Naja naja is highly toxic and can be fatal to humans. It contains a mixture of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, and cytotoxins. The snake is capable of delivering a large amount of venom in a single bite, making it one of the most dangerous snakes in its range.

Conservation status

The Naja naja is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, it faces threats from habitat loss and persecution due to fear.

Cultural significance

The Naja naja holds a significant place in the culture and mythology of the Indian subcontinent. It is often associated with the Hindu god Shiva, and is a common subject of snake charming performances.

See also

• Elapidae
• Venomous snake
• Snake charming