Nasturtium microphyllum

Nasturtium microphyllum, commonly known as the watercress, is a species of aquatic plant in the family Brassicaceae. This perennial plant is native to Europe and Asia but has been widely introduced elsewhere, including North America and Australia, often becoming an invasive species in areas outside its native range.

Description

Nasturtium microphyllum is characterized by its small, rounded leaves that float on the surface of the water. The leaves are pinnately compound, with a central stem and smaller leaflets arranged on either side. The plant produces small, white flowers that are arranged in clusters. Each flower has four petals, typical of the family Brassicaceae. The fruit is a small pod, containing several seeds.

Habitat

Nasturtium microphyllum thrives in slow-moving or stagnant water bodies, including streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. It prefers nutrient-rich waters and can often be found in areas affected by agricultural runoff. The plant's ability to grow in a wide range of aquatic environments has contributed to its spread beyond its native habitat.

Cultivation and Uses

Watercress is cultivated both for its culinary and medicinal properties. The leaves have a peppery flavor and are often used in salads, sandwiches, and soups. In traditional medicine, watercress has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs and colds. It is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as minerals such as iron and calcium.

Invasive Species

In regions where it is not native, Nasturtium microphyllum can become an invasive species, outcompeting native flora and altering aquatic ecosystems. Its rapid growth and high reproductive rate allow it to cover large areas, reducing light and oxygen levels in the water, which can negatively impact other plant and animal species.

Conservation

Efforts to manage the spread of Nasturtium microphyllum in non-native areas include physical removal, water management practices to reduce nutrient runoff, and the introduction of natural predators. Conservationists emphasize the importance of preventing the introduction of the plant into new areas to protect native biodiversity.