Nine Lessons and Carols

Edward White Benson

Order of Service for the first Nine Lessons and Carols in 1880 on display in Truro Cathedral

King's College Chapel, Cambridge

[[File:Peter Paul Rubens 009.jpg|upright|thumb Nine Lessons and Carols is a traditional Christmas service that consists of nine Bible readings, or "lessons," which recount the Christmas story, interspersed with carols and hymns. Originating in the United Kingdom, this service has become popular in churches worldwide, especially within the Anglican Communion. It is most famously associated with the King's College, Cambridge, where it has been held annually since 1918.

History

The format was first devised by Edward White Benson, later Archbishop of Canterbury, for use on Christmas Eve 1880 in Truro Cathedral, Cornwall, England. The purpose was to keep men out of the pubs on Christmas Eve, offering a more spiritual preparation for Christmas. The original service alternated between Bible readings and music to tell the Christmas story in a vivid and engaging manner.

The service was later adapted for King's College, Cambridge, by its Dean, Eric Milner-White, who was inspired by his experience of the Truro service. The first King's College service took place in 1918, and it has since become one of the most famous Christmas Eve services worldwide, broadcasted annually on radio since 1928 and later on television. The King's College version has been widely adapted by other churches and choirs across the globe.

Format

The service traditionally begins with the carol "Once in Royal David's City," with the first verse sung by a solo chorister. This is followed by nine lessons, which are readings from the Bible. The lessons start with the fall of humanity, the promise of the Messiah, and the birth of Jesus, and include passages from Genesis, Isaiah, Micah, Luke, and Matthew. Each lesson is followed by a carol or hymn that reflects on the lesson's message.

Music

The choice of music varies between services, but traditional carols like "O Come, All Ye Faithful," "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen," "O Little Town of Bethlehem," and "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" are often featured. New compositions and arrangements are also introduced regularly, contributing to the service's evolving tradition.

Impact and Legacy

The Nine Lessons and Carols service has had a significant impact on how Christmas is celebrated in churches around the world. Its format has been adopted and adapted by many denominations and has become a central part of Christmas Eve celebrations for many. The service's blend of scripture and music, tradition and innovation, solemnity and celebration, has made it a powerful and enduring way to mark the advent of Christmas.

See Also

• Christmas Eve
• King's College, Cambridge
• Carols by Candlelight
• Advent