Opal

Opale gisements

Opal molecular structure2

Coober Pedy Opal 2

Common Rough Opal

SLOVAKIAN OPAL 12

10 7cts Brazilian Crystal Opal

Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO_2·nH_2O); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Because of its amorphous character, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are considered minerals. Opals are famed for their ability to diffract light, displaying a play of colors, or "fire," which can include virtually any hue of the rainbow.

Formation and Characteristics

Opals form as a result of seasonal rains that drench dry ground in regions such as Australia's semi-desert "opal fields." The water carries dissolved silica downwards through the earth, where it eventually fills cracks and voids. Upon evaporation, the silica is deposited in the form of tiny spheres. The arrangement of these spheres causes the diffraction of light, leading to opal's characteristic play of color. The size and arrangement of the spheres determine the quality and type of diffracted colors. Opal can occur in various colors, including white, black, fire, boulder, and water, among others.

Types of Opal

There are several types of opal, categorized based on their appearance and the conditions under which they formed:

• Black Opal: Characterized by a dark body tone which can enhance the vibrancy of the color play.
• White Opal: Has a light body tone and is more common than black opal.
• Fire Opal: Known for its warm body colors from yellow to orange to red, some of which do not show play-of-color.
• Boulder Opal: Formed within ironstone boulders, where thin veins of opal fill cracks and fissures.
• Water Opal: A transparent to semi-transparent opal with a clear background, showing play-of-color.

Mining and Distribution

Australia is the most significant producer of opal, accounting for 95% of the world's supply. The town of Coober Pedy in South Australia is known as the opal capital of the world. Other countries that produce opal include Ethiopia, Brazil, Mexico, and the United States.

Cultural Significance

Opals have been treasured for centuries. The ancient Romans considered it a symbol of hope and purity. In the Middle Ages, it was believed to bring good luck. The indigenous peoples of Australia have long revered opal, incorporating it into their cultural lore and art.

Care and Maintenance

Opals are relatively soft and can be scratched or chipped easily. They should be cleaned gently with mild detergent in warm water, using a soft brush or cloth. It's also important to avoid sudden temperature changes, which can cause opals to crack due to their high water content.

Synthetic and Imitation Opals

Synthetic opals are created in a lab and can mimic the appearance of natural opals closely. Imitation opals, made from materials such as glass or plastic, are also available but do not have the same optical properties as natural or synthetic opals.

Conclusion

Opal's unique beauty and the play of color make it a sought-after gemstone for jewelry and decorative items. Its variety, history, and the intricacies of its formation contribute to its enduring appeal and value.