Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in the pancreas. It is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. The disease is often advanced by the time it is diagnosed, which makes it difficult to treat.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not known. However, certain risk factors have been identified, including smoking, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and certain genetic disorders such as hereditary pancreatitis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically starts in the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas. These cells begin to grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells, forming a tumor. As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby organs and spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, and anorexia. Less common symptoms can include diabetes, pancreatitis, and gallstones.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically involves a combination of history taking, physical examination, and imaging studies such as CT scan, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound. Biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma depends on the stage of the disease and the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Palliative care is also an important part of treatment to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Factors that can affect prognosis include the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.