Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy: A Comprehensive Overview[edit | edit source]
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to inspect the inner lining of the rectum and the sigmoid colon, which is the lower portion of the large intestine. The examination is conducted using a sigmoidoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera on its tip, which is inserted gently into the anus and advanced into the rectum and sigmoid colon.
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Sigmoidoscopy is a valuable tool for detecting various abnormalities, such as polyps, tumors, inflammation, and bleeding. The procedure plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer screening and in diagnosing conditions like diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
The Sigmoidoscope[edit | edit source]
A sigmoidoscope measures about 60 cm in length and is about the thickness of a finger. It has:
- A Light Source: To illuminate the inner lining of the rectum and sigmoid colon.
- A Camera: Provides real-time imagery which is displayed on an external monitor.
- Channels for specialized instruments: Allow for biopsies or removal of polyps.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
Preparation[edit | edit source]
Patients are usually advised to undergo a bowel prep to clean out the lower colon, ensuring clear visibility during the exam. This can involve:
- A special diet a day before the procedure.
- Use of enemas or laxatives.
Examination[edit | edit source]
- The patient lies on their left side with knees drawn up towards the chest.
- A lubricated sigmoidoscope is gently inserted into the anus and advanced through the rectum and into the sigmoid colon.
- Air may be introduced to expand the colon for better visibility.
- The doctor examines the lining of the sigmoid colon as the scope is slowly withdrawn.
Indications for Sigmoidoscopy[edit | edit source]
- Screening for Colorectal Cancer: To detect early-stage tumors or polyps which can be precursors to cancer.
- Investigating Symptoms: Such as unexplained diarrhea, abdominal pain, or blood in the stool.
- Monitoring: Used to check on conditions like ulcerative colitis.
Benefits and Risks[edit | edit source]
Benefits[edit | edit source]
- Early Detection: Can identify polyps or tumors at an early stage.
- Minimal Discomfort: The procedure is usually well-tolerated, and sedation is often not necessary.
Risks[edit | edit source]
- Perforation: Rarely, the lining of the colon may be punctured by the instrument.
- Bleeding: Particularly if polyps are removed or a biopsy is taken.
- Incomplete Examination: In some cases, visualization might be compromised due to retained stool or spasm in the colon.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Sigmoidoscopy remains an essential diagnostic tool in gastroenterology, offering a minimally invasive method to inspect the lower colon and rectum. It plays a pivotal role in early detection of colorectal cancers and in the diagnosis and management of many other gastrointestinal conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy Resources | ||
---|---|---|
|
|
Translate to: East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen