Stinking nightshade

Stinking Nightshade (Hyoscyamus niger), also known as henbane or black henbane, is a plant species native to Eurasia and North Africa. It belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes other notable plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, and tobacco.

Description

Stinking nightshade is a biennial or perennial plant, growing up to 1 meter in height. It has a foul odor, hence the name "stinking" nightshade. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or sinuate. The flowers are solitary in the axils and are usually pale yellow with purple veins and a purple center.

Distribution and Habitat

Stinking nightshade is native to Eurasia and North Africa but has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America. It is typically found in waste places, roadsides, and occasionally in pastures and fields.

Uses

Historically, stinking nightshade has been used in traditional medicine for its sedative and antispasmodic properties. However, it is highly toxic and can be fatal if ingested in large amounts. Today, it is primarily used in homeopathic medicine.

Toxicity

All parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine. These compounds are highly toxic and can cause hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and even death in high doses.

Cultivation

Stinking nightshade prefers well-drained soil and full sun. It is usually propagated by seeds, which are sown in the spring.

See Also

• Solanaceae
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Hyoscyamine
• Scopolamine

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