Tiliaceae

Linde

Tiliaceae, commonly known as the lime or linden family, is a family of mostly trees and shrubs in the order Malvales. This family is significant for its economic importance in forestry for the timber of the lime or linden trees, and in horticulture for its ornamental species.

Description

Members of the Tiliaceae family are characterized by their deciduous nature, with some species being evergreen. They typically have simple, alternate leaves, often with a heart-shaped base and serrated margins. The flowers are usually fragrant, arranged in cymes, and possess numerous stamens, often united into a tube. The fruit is a nut or drupe, sometimes enclosed in a persistent, modified calyx.

Taxonomy

Historically, Tiliaceae was recognized as a distinct family. However, modern phylogenetics and molecular studies have led to a reclassification of this group. Many of the genera traditionally placed in Tiliaceae are now included in the expanded family Malvaceae, specifically within the subfamily Tilioideae. This reclassification is based on DNA sequence data that supports the monophyly of the group within Malvaceae.

Genera

The Tiliaceae family, in its traditional sense, included genera such as Tilia (linden or lime trees) and Corchorus (source of jute). However, these and other genera are now considered part of the Malvaceae family, subfamily Tilioideae.

Distribution and Habitat

Tiliaceae species are found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and Asia, with a few species extending into the Americas. They thrive in well-drained, fertile soils and can be found in both forests and urban settings, where they are often planted as ornamental trees for their attractive foliage and fragrant flowers.

Economic Importance

The wood of Tilia species (linden or lime trees) is soft and easily worked, making it valuable for carving, furniture, and musical instruments. The flowers of some species are used in herbal teas and are believed to have medicinal properties, including sedative effects.

Conservation

While many species within the Tiliaceae are widespread and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and climate change pose threats to some species, particularly those with limited ranges. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the survival of these species and the biodiversity of the ecosystems they inhabit.