Vidyaranya

Sri Vidyashankara Temple (4467224792)

Harihara and Bukka meeting Vidyaranya

Vidyaranya (c. 1296–1386), also known as Madhavacharya or Madhava Vidyaranya, was an influential Hindu saint, scholar, and a key figure in the history of India, particularly in the resurgence of Hinduism and the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire. He served as the 12th Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from 1380 to 1386. Vidyaranya is credited with the authorship of many works on Dharma, Vedanta, and other branches of Indian philosophy, making significant contributions to the development of Hindu thought and spirituality.

Early Life and Education

Vidyaranya was born in a Brahmin family in the village of Pampakshetra (now Hampi, Karnataka). His early education was under the guidance of his brother, Sayana, who was an accomplished scholar himself. Together, they studied the Vedas, Upanishads, and other sacred texts, laying the foundation for Vidyaranya's future contributions to Hindu philosophy and literature.

Contributions to Hindu Philosophy

Vidyaranya's scholarly works span a wide range of subjects, including Vedanta, Dharma Shastra, and Puranas. His most notable works include the Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha (a compendium of different philosophical schools of Hindu thought), Panchadasi (a seminal text in the Advaita Vedanta tradition), and commentaries on the works of Adi Shankaracharya. Through these works, Vidyaranya played a crucial role in revitalizing Hindu philosophy and promoting the principles of Advaita Vedanta.

Role in the Establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire

Vidyaranya is also celebrated for his role in the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire, one of the most powerful empires in the history of South India. According to historical accounts, he guided and supported Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, the founders of the empire, providing them with the spiritual and ideological foundation necessary for governance. Under his guidance, the empire saw a significant resurgence of Hindu culture and religion, countering the influence of the Delhi Sultanate in the south.

Legacy

Vidyaranya's legacy is preserved in the numerous texts he authored, which continue to be studied for their philosophical depth and spiritual insight. His life and works have inspired generations of scholars, saints, and leaders. The Sringeri Sharada Peetham, where he served as Jagadguru, remains a major center of Hindu learning and pilgrimage, honoring his contributions to Hinduism and Indian culture.

Selected Works

• Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha
• Panchadasi
• Commentaries on Adi Shankaracharya's works

See Also

• Advaita Vedanta
• Vijayanagara Empire
• Sringeri Sharada Peetham
• Hinduism in India