Yakshagana

Yakshagana (

) is a traditional theatre form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique style and form. It is mainly performed in the state of Karnataka, India. This theatre form is notable for its elaborate costumes, vigorous dance movements, and the use of a rich and varied musical score.

History

Yakshagana is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during the period of the Bhakti movement. The earliest mention of Yakshagana is found in the 16th century literary works. It is said to have been influenced by the Vaishnava Bhakti movement and the Haridasa tradition.

Performance

A typical Yakshagana performance consists of background music played by a group of musicians known as the Himmela and a dance and dialogue group known as the Mummela, who together enact poetic epics. The Himmela consists of a lead singer (bhagawata), a maddale (a type of drum), a chande (cymbals), and a harmonium. The Mummela includes the actors who wear elaborate costumes and makeup.

Costumes and Makeup

The costumes in Yakshagana are elaborate and colorful, designed to depict various characters from Hindu mythology. The makeup is equally elaborate, with specific designs for different characters. The headgear, known as kirita, is a significant part of the costume.

Music

The music in Yakshagana is a blend of Carnatic and folk music. The bhagawata sings the narrative, which is interspersed with dialogues by the actors. The musical instruments used include the maddale, chande, and harmonium.

Styles

There are several styles of Yakshagana, including the Tenkutittu and Badagutittu. The Tenkutittu style is prevalent in the southern parts of Karnataka, while the Badagutittu style is popular in the northern parts.

Modern Yakshagana

In recent times, Yakshagana has seen several innovations and adaptations. Modern themes and contemporary issues are sometimes incorporated into the performances, making it relevant to today's audience.

See also

• Karnataka
• Theatre of India
• Bhakti movement
• Haridasa
• Carnatic music