Antithyroid drugs

Antithyroid drugs are a class of medications used primarily in the treatment of hyperthyroidism – an overactive thyroid gland. These drugs work by reducing the production and release of thyroid hormones, which can help to alleviate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Antithyroid drugs, such as propylthiouracil and methimazole, inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones by catalyzing the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and the coupling of iodotyrosines to form thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). By inhibiting this enzyme, antithyroid drugs reduce the production of thyroid hormones.

Uses[edit | edit source]

Antithyroid drugs are primarily used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland and an excessive production of thyroid hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as rapid heart rate, weight loss, nervousness, and irritability. By reducing the production of thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs can help to alleviate these symptoms.

In addition to hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs may also be used in the preparation for thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the thyroid gland) or radioactive iodine therapy.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Like all medications, antithyroid drugs can cause side effects. These may include skin rash, joint pain, liver damage, and a decrease in the number of white blood cells, which can increase the risk of infection. Rarely, these drugs can cause a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.