KLK7

KLK7, also known as kallikrein-related peptidase 7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK7 gene. This enzyme belongs to the kallikrein family, a subgroup of serine proteases that are involved in various physiological processes such as skin desquamation, tooth enamel formation, and sperm maturation. KLK7 plays a significant role in the degradation of corneodesmosomes, which are protein complexes that hold skin cells together, thereby facilitating skin shedding and renewal.

Function[edit | edit source]

KLK7 is predominantly expressed in the epidermis, particularly in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It contributes to the skin's natural exfoliation process by breaking down the proteins in corneodesmosomes, leading to the detachment and shedding of dead skin cells. This process is crucial for maintaining skin health, preventing the buildup of dead cells which can lead to conditions such as acne and keratosis pilaris. Additionally, KLK7 has been implicated in the processing of skin barrier lipids, further supporting its role in maintaining skin integrity and function.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Alterations in KLK7 expression or activity have been associated with various skin disorders. Overexpression of KLK7 can lead to excessive skin shedding and is observed in conditions like Netherton syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by red, scaly skin, and severe allergies. Conversely, reduced activity of KLK7 may contribute to the development of dry skin conditions, as it impairs the natural exfoliation process.

Furthermore, research has suggested that KLK7, along with other kallikreins, may play a role in cancer progression. Its expression levels have been studied in several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer and breast cancer, with findings indicating that it could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis, as well as a target for therapeutic intervention.

Genetics[edit | edit source]

The KLK7 gene is located on chromosome 19 in a cluster with other kallikrein genes. This gene family exhibits a high degree of polymorphism, which may influence the activity of the encoded enzymes and thus affect individual susceptibility to skin conditions and possibly cancer.